레이블이 Standards of Auditing인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시
레이블이 Standards of Auditing인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시

2013년 11월 24일 일요일

About 'international standards on auditing'|Int’l Audit Groups Say PCAOB Proposed Confirmation Standard Falls Short on Convergence







About 'international standards on auditing'|Int’l Audit Groups Say PCAOB Proposed Confirmation Standard Falls Short on Convergence








SQF               2000               REQUIRED               DOCUMENTATION               SQF               2000               is               the               food               industry's               response               to               ISO               9001.

The               food               industry               has               probably               been               controlled               and               regulated               as               stringently               and               for               as               long,               as               any               industry,               if               not               longer.

The               style               of               requirements               and               auditing,               however,               has               concentrated               on               what               is               called               Good               Manufacturing               Practices               (GMPs).

These               are               guidelines               and               rules               on               personal               cleanliness,               integrity               of               the               facility,               upkeep               and               so               on.
               Typical               Quality               System               standards               include               so               much               more               than               GMPs.

One               of               the               leaders               was               and               always               has               been,               ISO               9001.

It               came               out               in               1987               as               the               answer               to               the               multitude               of               differing               quality               standards               first               tier               OEMs               (Original               Equipment               Manufacturers)               were               subjecting               their               customers               to.

In               the               automotive               industry               alone               there               was               upwards               of               eight               to               ten               different               standards               a               company               would               have               to               prepare               for.

Once               they               were               ready,               they               would               have               to               entertain               a               team               of               auditors               for               two               to               five               days               or               sometimes               even               more.

It               was               really               getting               out               of               hand.

This               was               certainly               a               situation               that               called               for               the               expertise               of               the               International               Organization               for               Standardization.
               I               won't               go               into               any               more               of               the               history               or               background               of               this               organization               or               of               the               origin               of               SQF               2000.

Suffice               it               to               say,               the               food               industry               now               has               a               very               capable               Quality               Management               System               and               they               are               applying               it               across               the               board.

Like               I               said,               the               food               industry               has               plenty               of               experience               with               following               standards               and               documenting               what               they               do,               but               they               have               very               little               experiencing               when               it               comes               to               documenting               an               actual               Quality               Management               System               (QMS).
               As               an               example,               a               typical               QMS               will               require               from               20               to               26               different               primary               activities               or               processes.

These               will               range               from               Management               Review,               to               Supplier               Approval               to               Internal               Audits;               most               of               which               the               food               industry               may               have               had               in               place,               but               there               approach               was               not               documented               or               structured.

So               now,               with               SQF               2000,               the               food               industry               is               being               asked               to               structure,               define               and               document               their               approach               to               the               same               things               ISO               9000               has               required               other               industry               to               address               for               years.

For               the               food               professional               faced               with               that               task               the               question               must               be               "What?"
               Fortunately,               SQF,               as               do               all               other               major               Quality               Standards,               has               a               very               thorough               guideline               and               set               of               requirements               for               the               practitioner               to               review               and               follow.

It               is               laid               out               much               like               the               ISO               standards.

It               also               includes               GMPs               and               what               is               referred               to               as               "Prerequisite               Requirements."               Some               of               the               Pre-Reqs               are               also               included               in               ISO               9000.
               All               standards               get               their               requirements               across               by               using               the               word               "SHALL."               Wherever               the               word               "shall"               appears,               you               can               expect               to               see               at               least               one               thing               that               has               to               be               done.

In               ISO               9001               the               word               "shall"               introduces               about               350               individual               tasks               to               be               completed.

In               the               automotive               equivalent               of               ISO               9001,               called               ISO/TS               16949,               there               are               about               750               individual               things               that               must               be               done.

In               SQF               2000               there               are               a               whopping               1100               specific               tasks               on               the               to-do               list;               clearly               the               most               in-depth               standard               of               them               all.
               What               must               be               done               to               satisfy               these               1100+               tasks,               or               requirements               or               shalls?

Well,               the               first               thing               is               to               establish               the               documented               system.

In               fact               when               your               registrar,               the               organization               which               has               been               selected               to               handle               your               registration               pursuit,               sends               out               the               auditors,               they               will               come               first               to               do               nothing               but               look               at               your               documentation.

They               won't               even               look               at               records.

They               want               to               look               at               nothing               but               how               you               have               documented               what               must               be               done.

ISO               used               to               use               a               phrase               like;
               Say               what               you               do               and               do               what               you               say.
               In               other               words,               document               all               the               activities               you               put               in               place               to               help               satisfy               SQF               then               make               sure               you               are               doing               whatever               it               is               you               have               documented.

This               will               indeed               be               reviewed               on               any               and               every               audit,               believe               me.

Now,               what               must               you               document               for               SQF?
               Unlike               ISO               or               ISO/TS,               SQF               does               not               give               you               any               suggested               number               of               documents               or               recommended               places               where               documents               would               be               advisable.

Instead               they               use               a               key               phrase               to               point               out               when               and               where               you               need               to               consider               documentation.

That               phrase               usually               goes               something               like;
               "The               methods               and               responsibility               for               ............

shall               be               documented               and               implemented."
               The               topic               to               be               documented               appears               where               I               have               put               the               series               of               dots.

This               sentence               is               used               all               through               section               four               of               SQF.

It               isn't               used               in               section               five               (GMPs)               and               is               used               about               half               the               time               in               section               six               (Pre-Requisites).

That               means               you               need               to               prepare               to               document               everything               in               section               four               (ISO               like               requirements)               and               in               about               half               of               the               requirements               in               section               six.

There               are               also               some               requirements               in               section               seven,               but               these               are               specialty               requirements               and               you               will               have               to               sort               through               them               to               see               which               ones               apply               to               your               company.
               In               addition               to               section               four,               the               ISO               like               requirements               in               section               six               are               the               ones               you               will               need               to               document.

Things               like;               6.3)               Training               of               Personnel               6.4)               Calibration               of               Equipment               6.6)               Premises               and               Equipment               Maintenance               and               so               on.

You               will               be               able               to               tell               by               finding               that               give               away               sentence               from               above.

If               a               section               of               SQF               does               not               have               that               sentence               then               you               do               not               necessarily               have               to               have               instructional               documents               for               that               section.
               Don't               let               that               little               fact               sway               you               from               at               least               documenting               that               section.

For               instance,               section               five               is               all               GMPs.

You               will               not               have               to               document               how               you               assure               employees               wash               their               hands               properly               or               how               you               restrict               what               they               take               into               the               plant,               but               you               still               need               to               document               the               GMP               requirement.

You               still               need               to               have               something               that               tells               employees               not               to               chew               gum               in               the               plant.

You               just               do               not               have               to               document               how               you               make               sure               that               rule               is               followed.
               The               documentation               aspect               is               not               going               to               be               that               difficult               for               you.

The               first               thing               you               need               to               tell               yourself               to               do               though               is               to               read               through               the               standard.

Highlight               all               the               times               the               word               SHALL               appears.

Then               read               it               again               and               highlight               all               the               times               the               documentation               sentence               appears.

Then               read               at               least               once               more               and               highlight,               in               a               different               color,               all               the               things               each               shall               is               telling               you               to               do.

If               you               can               complete               this               exercise               you               will               be               well               on               your               way               to               knowing               what               the               standards               are               saying               and               knowing               how               you               are               going               to               have               to               document               your               company's               intentions.






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