레이블이 Business Accounting Basics인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시
레이블이 Business Accounting Basics인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시

2013년 11월 28일 목요일

About 'basics of accounting'|The Basics of Trust Accounts







About 'basics of accounting'|The Basics of Trust Accounts








This               section               of               sample               problems               and               solutions               is               a               part               of               The               Actuary's               Free               Study               Guide               for               Exam               5,               authored               by               Mr.

Stolyarov.

This               is               Section               63               of               the               Study               Guide.

See               an               index               of               all               sections               by               following               the               link               in               this               paragraph.

This               section               of               the               study               guide               is               intended               to               provide               practice               problems               and               solutions               to               accompany               the               pages               of               Insurance               Operations,               Regulation,               and               Statutory               Accounting,               cited               below.

Students               are               encouraged               to               read               these               pages               before               attempting               the               problems.

This               study               guide               is               entirely               an               independent               effort               by               Mr.

Stolyarov               and               is               not               affiliated               with               any               organization(s)               to               whose               textbooks               it               refers,               nor               does               it               represent               such               organization(s).
               Some               of               the               questions               here               ask               for               short               written               answers               based               on               the               reading.

This               is               meant               to               give               the               student               practice               in               answering               questions               of               the               format               that               will               appear               on               Exam               5.

Students               are               encouraged               to               type               their               own               answers               first               and               then               to               compare               these               answers               with               the               solutions               given               here.

Please               note               that               the               solutions               provided               here               are               not               necessarily               the               only               possible               ones.
               Source:
               Myhr,               A.E.;               and               Markham,               J.J.

Insurance               Operations,               Regulation,               and               Statutory               Accounting               (Second               Edition).

American               Institute               for               Chartered               Property               Casualty               Underwriters.

2004.

Chapter               8,               pp.

8.40-8.41,               Chapter               9,               pp.

9.3-9.8.
               Original               Problems               and               Solutions               from               The               Actuary's               Free               Study               Guide
               Problem               S5-63-1.

Which               of               the               following               statements               about               claims               in               insurance               are               true?

More               than               one               answer               may               be               correct.
               (a)               For               many               insureds,               the               insurer's               claim               adjusters               are               the               only               insurer               representatives               with               whom               the               insureds               have               contact               after               the               policy               has               been               issued.
               (b)               If               a               claim               goes               to               trial,               the               claim               adjuster               typically               manages               the               insurer's               defense               counsel.
               (c)               Insurer               claim               offices               are               usually               centralized               in               one               location               so               as               to               enable               rapid               coordination               among               the               various               offices.
               (d)               Independent               adjusters               are               best               used               for               small,               routine               claims,               on               which               the               insurer               should               not               expend               the               time               and               resources               of               its               specialized               internal               staff.
               (e)               Many               insurers               employ               independent               adjusters               as               a               part               of               their               normal               business               operations.
               (f)               Higher               levels               of               claim               settlement               authority               are               typically               granted               to               insurer               employees               and               representatives               on               the               basis               of               seniority               -               i.e.,               length               of               time               spent               with               the               company.
               (g)               The               claim               adjustment               process               for               property               and               liability               claims               focuses               on               essentially               the               same               attributes.
               Solution               S5-63-1.

This               question               is               based               on               the               discussion               in               Myhr               and               Markham,               pp.

8.40-8.41.

The               following               answers               are               correct:
               (a)               For               many               insureds,               the               insurer's               claim               adjusters               are               the               only               insurer               representatives               with               whom               the               insureds               have               contact               after               the               policy               has               been               issued.


               (b)               If               a               claim               goes               to               trial,               the               claim               adjuster               typically               manages               the               insurer's               defense               counsel.


               (e)               Many               insurers               employ               independent               adjusters               as               a               part               of               their               normal               business               operations.
               Choice               (c)               is               not               correct;               insurer               claim               offices               are               typically               located               in               close               proximity               to               policyholders,               so               as               to               enable               easier               provision               of               service.
               Choice               (d)               is               not               correct;               independent               adjusters               are               often               used               for               complex               claims               that               require               specialized               expertise.

Some               independent               adjusters               may               specialize               in               handling               certain               types               of               claims               for               which               the               insurer               lacks               internal               expertise.
               Choice               (f)               is               not               correct;               higher               levels               of               claim               settlement               authority               are               typically               granted               to               insurer               employees               on               the               basis               of               responsible               use               of               authority               that               had               already               been               granted.

Experience               with               the               company               may               be               a               factor               that               is               considered,               but               strict               seniority               considerations               are               seldom               used.
               Choice               (g)               is               not               correct;               there               are               considerable               differences               in               the               claim               adjustment               process               between               property               claims               and               liability               claims.

Property               losses               are               primarily               objective               and               relatively               straightforward               to               quantify.

The               largest               component               of               liability               losses               is               subjective               -               e.g.,               losses               due               to               "pain               and               suffering"               and               similar               harms.
               Problem               S5-63-2.

List               four               questions               that               a               property               claim               adjuster               would               need               to               answer               in               handling               virtually               any               property               claim.
               Solution               S5-63-2.

Six               such               questions               are               mentioned               by               Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.3:
               1.

"Who               has               an               insurable               interest               in,               and               who               is               insured               with               respect               to,               damaged               property?"               
               2.

"What               property               is               insured               under               a               policy,               where               is               it               insured,               and               during               what               time               period?"               
               3.

"Against               what               causes               of               loss               does               the               insurance               protect?"               
               4.

"What               is               the               dollar               amount               of               the               loss?"               
               5.

"What               are               the               insured's               duties               after               a               loss?"               
               6.

"What               procedures               must               the               adjuster               follow               to               settle               the               claim?"               
               Any               four               of               the               above               suffice               as               an               answer.

Other               valid               answers               may               also               be               possible.
               Problem               S5-63-3.

Define               the               following               kinds               of               interest               in               property:
               (a)               Sole               ownership;               
               (b)               Joint               ownership;               
               (c)               Tenancy               by               entireties;               
               (d)               Ownership               in               common.
               (e)               Name               three               kinds               of               interests               in               property,               aside               from               ownership               interest,               which               can               exist.
               Solution               S5-63-3.
               (a)               Sole               ownership               is               a               situation               where               the               "owner               has               complete               interest               in               the               property"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.4).
               (b)               Joint               ownership               is               "a               form               of               ownership               in               which               two               or               more               owners               have               an               indivisible               interest               in               property"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.4).
               (c)               Tenancy               by               entireties               is               "a               form               of               joint               tenancy               ownership               in               which               the               co-owners               are               husband               and               wife,               and               when               one               spouse               dies,               property               is               passed               to               the               surviving               spouse"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.4).
               (d)               Ownership               in               common               is               "a               form               of               ownership               in               which               two               or               more               owners               each               have               an               identifiable               fractional               interest               in               property"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.4).
               (e)               The               following               three               non-ownership               interests               in               property               are               mentioned               by               Myhr               and               Markham,               pp.

9.4-9.5:               
               1.

Lessees               of               property,               who               "have               an               interest               in               the               use               of               property               for               the               life               of               the               lease"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.4).
               2.

Custodians               of               property:               This               group               includes               bailees,               warehouse               employees,               and               carriers.

They               "have               an               interest               in               the               property               to               the               extent               of               their               fees               and               for               their               legal               liability               for               the               property's               safe               return               to               its               owner"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.4).
               3.

Security               interests,               where               the               secured               party               is               most               often               "a               creditor               of               the               property               owner"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.5).
               Problem               S5-63-4.
               (a)               What               two               questions               must               a               claim               adjuster               address               when               handling               claims               that               involve               a               landlord-tenant               relationship?
               (b)               Generally,               what               entities               are               the               only               ones               entitled               to               make               a               claim               under               a               property               insurance               policy?
               (c)               What               are               loss               payees?
               Solution               S5-63-4.
               (a)               When               handling               claims               that               involve               a               landlord-tenant               relationship,               a               claim               adjuster               must               address               the               following               two               questions,               discussed               by               Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.6:
               1.

"What               are               the               parties'               respective               interests               in               the               property               under               the               lease?"
               2.

"What               rights               does               each               party               have               under               the               applicable               insurance               policy               in               question?"
               (b)               As               discussed               by               Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.7,               generally,               only               the               following               parties               are               entitled               to               make               a               claim               under               a               property               insurance               policy:
               1.

The               "first               named               insured"               or               "named               insured";               
               2.

A               spouse               of               the               "named               insured";               
               3.

A               legal               representative               of               the               named               insured,               in               the               event               of               said               insured's               death.
               (c)               Loss               payees               are               "parties,               such               as               owners               of               leased               office               equipment,               who               do               not               have               any               rights               greater               than               or               independent               of               the               policyholder,               but               whose               names               must               be               included               on               any               claim               settlement               check"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.7).
               Problem               S5-63-5.
               (a)What               is               a               fixture?
               (b)What               three               questions               can               adjusters               ask               to               determine               whether               a               fixture               gets               classified               as               real               property               or               personal               property?
               (c)Name               three               courses               of               action               that               a               claim               adjuster               should               always               take               before               denying               a               claim.
               Solution               S5-63-5.
               (a)               A               fixture               is               "personal               property               that               has               become               attached               to               and               part               of               real               property"               (Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.8).
               (b)               The               following               three               questions               regarding               the               classification               of               fixtures               are               discussed               by               Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.8:
               1.

"How               permanently               attached               to               the               real               property               is               the               fixture?"               
               2.

"Is               the               fixture               well-adapted               to               the               real               property?"               
               3.

"What               was               the               intent               of               the               owner?"
               (c)               The               following               three               courses               of               action               with               regard               to               claim               denials               are               mentioned               by               Myhr               and               Markham,               p.

9.8:
               1.

The               adjuster               should               check               the               exact               policy               language.


               2.

The               adjuster               should               provide               a               plausible               and               verifiable               explanation               to               the               insured               for               why               the               claim               has               been               denied.


               3.

The               adjuster               should               provide               the               claim               denial               in               writing               to               the               insured.
               There               may               be               other               courses               of               action               that               are               advisable               in               all               circumstances;               these               would               also               constitute               valid               answers.
               See               other               sections               of               The               Actuary's               Free               Study               Guide               for               Exam               5.






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      ... we get to learn stuffs.. So lets start from the basics of accounting terminologies and understand them better...! What are...
    4. mastertype.blogspot.com/   08/04/2011
      ...the terms “accounting” and “financial analysis... of their finances... a lot of stale accounts that were more...
    5. krantzfinance.wordpress.com/   12/18/2010
      ...trust account is an account held by a trustee on behalf of a beneficiary. The trustee could be...could petition to assume full control of the account on reaching a certain age...
    6. tcs-security-blanket.blogspot.com/   07/28/2011
      ...who is the primary point of contact? Can anyone directly login to the account? When was the last time the...password. I only covered the basics. It is critical that system...
    7. stardollbasics.wordpress.com/   08/26/2010
      ...yesterday I made an Official Stardoll Basics account on Stardoll! And well there you can post ALL...Because Ive been getting a bunch of questions like: How did...
    8. northshorebank.wordpress.com/   01/30/2012
      ... as part of the Medicare prescription... accounts (HSAs) are...payroll deduction instead of by depositing...a check into the account. Aside from the tax...
    9. businessinformationisu.wordpress.com/   03/12/2012
      ...practical, relevant accounting courses. This course focuses on the basics of accounting and the accounting cycle. It includes exercises in ...
    10. profalbrecht.wordpress.com/   01/06/2010
      ... wrong about a lot of things! What follows are the basics of accounting theory as understood by the typical accounting professor. There...
    11. Basics Of Accounting - Blog Homepage Results

      Simple Banking Examples Using Monetary Realism. "If you can’t explain it with accounting, you can’t explain it." - JKH
      ...Lowery, of Cracker and Camper Van Beethoven and editor of The Trichordist, on artist rights. Band Basics Mini-Topic: Bank accounts, bookkeeping, taxes, health issues and...
      Learn the basics of accounting and finance.



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