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Everywhere,               the               evidence               is               clear:               the               sleeping               dragon               that               is               China               has               awoken.

With               one               of               the               fastest-growing               economies               in               the               world,               and               its               huge               population,               China               is               quickly               becoming               an               economic               superpower,               and               consequently,               its               attitude               regarding               trade               in               places               like               Africa               is               changing               drastically.

Also,               in               regards               to               the               West,               Chinese               trade               relationships               with               African               nations               is               wholly               different,               and               largely               due               to               their               new               approach,               China               is               quickly               becoming               the               preferred               trade               partner               in               Africa               as               it               quests               for               resources               to               continue               fueling               its               supercharged               economic               growth.

Yet,               is               this               relationship               good               for               Africa?

The               clear               answer               is               no:               China's               profound               penetration               of               the               African               economy               is               not               good               for               the               continent               in               a               number               of               ways,               among               them               China's               indiscriminate               support               of               countries               with               highly               questionable               human               rights               records,               the               difficulty               African               trades               people               have               in               competing               with               cheap               Chinese               goods,               and               the               working               conditions               of               companies               operating               in               Africa               have               backtracked               under               Chinese               oversight.

As               well,               Chinese               lending               practices               have               been               a               source               of               malcontent               among               its               chief               competitors.

In               a               continent               that               has               been               raped               and               pillaged,               first,               of               its               people,               and               later,               of               its               natural               resources               throughout               the               last               several               hundred               years,               one               cannot               afford               not               to               be               cautious.

However,               many               African               countries               find               the               prospect               of               Chinese               trade               partnership               difficult               to               resist.

In               2005,               Chinese               trade               with               Africa               increased               33%               to               nearly               $40               billion               dollars.

Unlike               its               Western               trading               partners,               the               Chinese               offer               generous               trade               packages               that               include               badly               needed               investments               in               African               infrastructure               like               roads               and               railways.

Yet,               Chinese               partnerships               with               countries               like               Sudan,               which               the               United               States               and               the               European               Union               say               sanctions               genocide,               has               been               highly               controversial               to               say               the               least.
               In               little               more               than               ten               years,               China               has               become               by               far               Sudan's               biggest               customer               of               Sudan's               oil               exports,               accounting               for               two               thirds.

China               is               also               "the               pariah               state's               major               arms               supplier               and               investor"               (Lynch               08b).

China's               state-owned               oil               companies               have               also               proposed               a               900-mile               pipeline               from               Sudan               to               the               Red               Sea,               and               have               sent               10,000               Chinese               workers               to               do               the               job               (Macartney               38).

Chinese               trade               with               Sudan               has               been               a               major               obstacle               in               efforts               to               punish               the               Sudanese               government               for               its               failure               to               rein               in               its               militias,               who               terrorize               the               countryside.

China               has               used               its               leverage               as               a               permanent               member               of               the               UN               Security               Council               to               resist               sanctioning               the               Sudanese               government               for               its               actions.

China               has               also               pressured               its               economic               partners               to               support               China               against               the               Taiwanese               by               not               recognizing               Taiwan's               government,               and               counts               on               African               support               when               the               West               criticizes               Chinese               human               rights               violations               (Lynch               08b).
               Paul               Wolfowitz,               President               of               the               World               Bank,               has               been               highly               critical               of               Chinese               banks,               who               are               lending               to               African               countries               that               have               just               begun               to               emerge               from               crippling               debt.

This               has               undermined               World               Bank               efforts               to               relieve               the               strain               of               debt               on               the               African               continent.

"There               is               a               real               risk               of               seeing               countries               that               have               benefited               from               debt               relief               become               heavily               indebted               once               more,"               says               Wolfowitz               (Calick               10).

As               well,               the               Chinese               largely               ignore               "a               set               of               social               and               environmental               standards               endorsed               by               80%               of               the               world's               commercial               banks."               Chu               Sulong,               a               foreign               policy               expert               at               Beijing's               Tsinghua               University,               sums               it               up:               "The               World               Bank               has               its               own               ideology               under               Wolfowitz's               leadership               of               emphasizing               human               rights               and               democracy.

China               does               not               have               these               conditions."               Todd               Moss,               Senior               Fellow               at               the               Center               of               Global               Development               in               Washington               purports,               "China               is               taking               a               realpolitik               point               of               view,               trying               to               secure               natural               resources               to               continue               fueling               its               high               rates               of               economic               growth.

...

For               Africa,               it's               a               mixed               bag"               (Lynch               08b).
               Largely,               China               seeks               raw               materials               and               resources               like               oil               from               Africa               to               support               its               high               rates               of               economic               growth.

However,               trade               deals               have               also               led               to               an               influx               of               cheap               Chinese               goods               into               the               continent.

Many               countries               in               Africa               find               it               difficult               to               price               its               goods               competitively               with               low-priced               Chinese               goods.

As               well,               many               have               been               criticizing               working               conditions               at               Chinese               companies               operating               in               Africa.

In               the               summer               of               2006,               "Zambian               workers               at               a               Chinese-owned               mine               rioted               over               arduous               working               conditions."               In               the               process,               police               became               involved,               and               five               were               shot               and               wounded               in               efforts               to               quell               the               unrest.

Political               efforts               to               oust               Chinese               traders               from               the               country               have               been               unsuccessful,               as               the               opposition               party's               presidential               nominee               Michael               Sata               lost               the               September               election               of               that               same               year               (Lynch               08b).
               All               sorts               of               Chinese               are               looking               to               get               in               on               the               African               market,               and               without               question,               some               African               countries               are               benefiting.

In               China,               African               oil               powers               its               factories,               and               the               Chinese               people               enjoy               Zimbabwean               tobacco.

Africa               returns               the               favor               in               energy,               and               raw               materials               such               as               aluminum               and               platinum               (Macartney               38).

But               will               Africa               continue               to               benefit,               or               will               the               trade               balance               eventually               spiral               out               of               control               in               China's               favor?

Already,               African               merchants               find               it               difficult               to               match               the               prices               of               imported               Chinese               goods.

China               also               ignores               genocide               in               Sudan               in               return               for               energy               when               it               could               be               the               difference               maker               in               the               UN,               and               hold               the               Sudan               accountable               by               conditioning               its               continued               relationship               with               efforts               to               end               the               violence               in               the               region.
               China               unabashedly               loans               money               to               countries               that               may               not               be               able               to               afford               to               repay,               and               China               lacks               the               preconditions               of               other               trade               partners               such               as               the               EU               and               the               US               in               that               it               is               not               concerned               with               human               rights               or               the               level               of               democratic               inclusion               in               the               country.

Already,               Africa               and               China               are               incontrovertibly               tied               together.

Again,               many               decades               after               the               end               of               colonialism,               a               new               power               has               penetrated               the               continent               in               search               of               resources.

Will               this               relationship               ultimately               help               or               hurt               an               Africa               burdened               by               corruption,               a               lack               of               transparent               government,               disease               and               financial               debt?

Or               will               China,               through               its               sheer               economic               might,               become               the               new               masters               of               Africa's               ultimate               fate?

Only               time               will               tell.
               Bibliography
               Calick,               Rowan.

"Wolfowitz               holds               Beijing               to               account               over               Africa."               The               Australian               25               October               2006:               10.
               Lynch,               David               J.

"China               elevates               its               economic               profile               in               Africa."               US               Today               3               November               2006:               08b.
               Macartney,               Jane.

"Continent               is               conquered               again."               The               Times               (United               Kingdom)               25               August               2005:               38.






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